NITI Aayog నిర్మాణం అంటే ఏమిటి? Chairman, Vice Chairman, CEO ఎవరు?
NITI Aayog: National Institution for Transforming India. స్థాపన: January 1, 2015 – Planning Commission స్థానంలో. Chairman: PM Narendra Modi (Ex-Officio). Vice Chairman: Ashok Lahiri (April 25, 2026 నుండి). CEO: Nidhi Chhibber. New Full-Time Members (May 2, 2026): Dr R Balasubramaniam + Dr Joram Aniya → total 7 Full-Time Members. Governing Council: All CM + LG. Special Invitees: Subject experts. Key features: Think tank; no financial powers (unlike Planning Commission); 5-year Vision document – replace Five Year Plans. SDG India Index; India Innovation Index – NITI publications.
RBI నిర్మాణం, Deputy Governors, Governor ఎవరు?
RBI: Reserve Bank of India. స్థాపన: April 1, 1935 (Hilton Young Commission). Nationalized: 1949. HQ: Mumbai. RBI Act: 1934. Governor: Sanjay Malhotra (December 2024 నుండి). 4 Deputy Governors: Poonam Gupta, Swaminathan J, SC Murmu, Rohit Jain (May 3, 2026 నుండి – T. Rabi Sankar స్థానంలో). Functions: Monetary policy, currency issuance, bank regulation, foreign exchange. MPC: Monetary Policy Committee – 6 members (3 RBI + 3 Govt nominated). Repo rate decisions. CRR, SLR, Repo, Reverse Repo – key tools.
DRDO నిర్మాణం? India’s Hypersonic Missile Program వివరాలు?
DRDO: Defence Research & Development Organisation. స్థాపన: 1958. HQ: New Delhi. 50+ labs. Chairman: Dr Samir V Kamat. Under Ministry of Defence (Rajnath Singh). LR-AShM: Long-Range Anti-Ship Missile. Development: APJ Abdul Kalam Missile Complex, Hyderabad. Range: 1,500 km. Mach 10 initial → Mach 5 glide. Weight: 12 tonnes; Length: 13m. Tests: 2023 (1st), Nov 2024 (2nd), May 1, 2026 (3rd Phase-II). Test site: APJ Abdul Kalam Island (Wheeler Island), Odisha – ITR (Integrated Test Range). BrahMos (supersonic, 290-450 km) vs LR-AShM (hypersonic, 1,500 km).
Vande Bharat Train Program – History, Production Hubs, Technical Features?
Vande Bharat Express: Semi-high speed train. First run: Feb 15, 2019 (New Delhi–Varanasi). Designed by: ICF Chennai (Integral Coach Factory). Production Hubs: 1) ICF Chennai, 2) RCF Kapurthala (Rail Coach Factory), 3) MCF Raebareli (Modern Coach Factory) – 3rd hub from May 2, 2026. Features: 16-car configuration; Siemens Propulsion; Kavach ATP (Automatic Train Protection); 180 kmph test speed; 160 kmph operational; Divyangjan-friendly; vacuum infusion interior. Kavach: Indigenous ATC system; prevents collisions; Mandated post-Balasore tragedy (2023). Railway Minister: Ashwini Vaishnaw. MCF Raebareli established: 1988 (Uttar Pradesh).
NHAI, MLFF Tolling, FASTag – Complete Details?
NHAI: National Highways Authority of India. NHAI Act: 1988. Chairman: Santosh Kumar Yadav. MoRTH (Nitin Gadkari). NH network: ~1.46 lakh km. FASTag: RFID-based Electronic Toll Collection. Mandatory: February 15, 2021. Linked to prepaid account – automatic deduction. MLFF (Multi-Lane Free Flow): India’s First – Choriyasi, NH-48, Gujarat (May 1, 2026). Technology: ANPR + FASTag RFID + overhead gantries. No stopping. FASTag still used but read at speed. Violators: e-notice within 72 hrs; double penalty. Travel time: 20-30% savings. IHMCL: Indian Highways Management Company – NHAI’s tolling arm. NETC: National Electronic Toll Collection.
Whitley Award (Green Oscars) – Details, Indian Winners, Indian Skimmer facts?
Whitley Fund for Nature (WFN): UK charity. Founded: 1993 (Edward Whitley). Annual. Awards: £40,000 each; Gold: £80,000. “Green Oscars.” 2026 Gold Winner: Farwiza Farhan (Indonesia – Leuser Ecosystem). India 2026 Winners: Parveen Shaikh (Indian Skimmer, Chambal, BNHS) + Barkha Subba (Himalayan Salamander, West Bengal, FOSEP). Ceremony: April 29, 2026, London. Indian Skimmer: Rynchops albicollis. IUCN: Endangered. India hosts 90%+ world population (~3,000). Chambal River – National Chambal Sanctuary (MP-Raj-UP). 400 (2017) → 1,000 (2025). BNHS: Bombay Natural History Society, 1883, Mumbai. Dr Sálim Ali – Birdman of India.
IFFI (International Film Festival of India) – History, Organizers, Past Directors?
IFFI: International Film Festival of India. Founded: 1952 – Asia’s oldest/longest-running. Venue: Goa (since 2004 permanent). Organized by: NFDC (National Film Development Corporation) + Goa Govt. Ministry of I&B (Ashwini Vaishnaw). Directors: Shekhar Kapur (55th & 56th) → Ashutosh Gowariker (57th, May 1, 2026). IFFI 57: November 2026. Gowariker films: Lagaan (2001, Oscar-nominated), Swades (2004), Jodhaa Akbar (2008), Mohenjo Daro (2016). Indian Film Awards: National Film Awards (Dadasaheb Phalke = highest), Filmfare Awards. CBFC (Central Board of Film Certification) – certifies films. OTT regulation: under MIB.
IIM Bangalore – Rankings, Programs, History?
IIM Bangalore (IIMB): Founded 1973, Bengaluru. Director: Prof. Rishikesha T Krishnan. Rankings (2026): QS EMBA: 64th Global (India #1). EPGP: #52 Global MBA, #8 Asia, #1 India. PGP (MiM): #30 Global, #2 Asia, #1 India. IIM System: 20 IIMs total across India. Oldest: IIM Calcutta + IIM Ahmedabad (both 1961). IIM Act 2017: Institutes of National Importance. IIM Admission: CAT (Common Admission Test) – conducted annually by one IIM on rotation. QS Rankings: Quacquarelli Symonds, UK. Other rankings: FT (Financial Times), Economist. India’s top management institutes: IIM A, B, C, L, K (old IIMs = premier).