మలేరియా వ్యాధి గురించి – Plasmodium Parasite, Vector, WHO మరియు India చర్యలు వివరించండి.
Malaria Parasite: Plasmodium (5 species) – P. falciparum (most deadly, Africa), P. vivax (most widespread). Vector: Female Anopheles Mosquito. Transmission: Mosquito bite, blood transfusion, contaminated needles. WHO Global Burden 2024: 282 Million cases, 610,000 deaths; 94% Africa లో. India Programme: NVBDCP (National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme). Drugs: ACTs (Artemisinin Combination Therapies) – main treatment; Coartem (Artemether + Lumefantrine). Prevention: ITNs (Insecticide-Treated Nets), IRS (Indoor Residual Spraying). Vaccine: RTS,S/AS01 (Mosquirix) – 25 countries లో roll out. Drug Resistance Issue: Artemisinin Partial Resistance in 4 African countries.
NITI Aayog నిర్మాణం, భూమిక మరియు Planning Commission తో తేడా వివరించండి.
NITI Aayog: National Institution for Transforming India. January 1, 2015 ప్రారంభం. Chairman: PM Modi (Ex-Officio). Vice Chairman: Ashok Lahiri (2026 నుండి). Planning Commission రద్దు: August 26, 2014. Key Difference: Planning Commission – Top-Down; NITI Aayog – Bottom-Up/Cooperative Federalism. NITI నిర్మాణం: Governing Council (CM + LG), Regional Councils, Experts. Key Initiatives: Atal Innovation Mission (AIM), SATH Programme, SDG India Index. CEO: Nidhi Chhibber (Additional Charge). Full-Time Members: 5 (New revamp 2026: Gobardhan Das + others).
SCO (Shanghai Cooperation Organisation) గురించి – స్థాపన, సభ్యులు, India పాత్ర వివరించండి.
SCO స్థాపన: 2001 | Shanghai, China | HQ: Beijing | Secretary-General: Zhang Ming. Founding Members: China, Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan. India & Pakistan: 2017 లో Full Members. Iran: 2023 లో Full Member (India Presidency). SCO Charter: Shanghai Convention on Combating Terrorism, Separatism, Extremism (3 Evils). SCO Summit 2025: Kazakhstan. 2026 Presidency: Kyrgyzstan. India Strategy in SCO: Anti-terrorism, cross-border terrorism, Central Asian connectivity (Chabahar Port). India RATS (Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure) లో పాల్గొంటుంది. India’s bilateral ties in SCO: India-Russia (RELOS), India-Uzbekistan (DUSTLIK), India-Kyrgyzstan (KHANJAR).
Census of India – చట్టపరమైన నిర్మాణం, చరిత్ర మరియు Census 2027 విశేషాలు వివరించండి.
Census Act: 1948 | Census Rules: 1990. Authority: Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India (RGI). India’s Census History: First 1872 (Non-synchronous) | 1881 (First Synchronous) | Regular every 10 years. Census 2027: 16th overall, 8th post-independence. Last Census: 2011 (2021 COVID postponement). Census 2027 Phase-1: Housing Listing & Housing Census (April–Sep 2026). Census 2027 Phase-2: Population Enumeration (Feb 2027). New Features: First Digital Census; Self-Enumeration Window; Helpline 1855; Caste Data included. Census Data Uses: Delimitation, Welfare Schemes, Development Planning, Reservation policy.
India’s Private Space Sector – IN-SPACe, NewSpace India, ISRO మరియు Skyroot గురించి వివరించండి.
ISRO: Indian Space Research Organisation | 1969 స్థాపన | HQ: Bengaluru | Chairman: V. Narayanan. IN-SPACe: Indian National Space Promotion and Authorisation Centre | 2020 | Private Space Regulation. NewSpace India: ISRO’s Commercial Arm (Antrix రద్దు తర్వాత). Skyroot Aerospace: Hyderabad | Founders: Pawan Chandana + Naga Bharat Daka | Vikram-S (2022) – First Private Rocket; Vikram-1 – First Private Orbital (2026). Agnikul Cosmos: Chennai-based, Agnibaan Rocket. Pixxel: Earth Observation Satellites. Space Policy 2023: Private sector 100% ownership. SDSC-SHAR: Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Sriharikota (AP) – India’s Launch Site.
SAARC – సభ్యులు, పనితీరు, Currency Swap Framework గురించి వివరించండి.
SAARC: South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation | HQ: Kathmandu, Nepal | 1985 స్థాపన. Members (8): India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Bhutan, Maldives, Afghanistan. SAARC Currency Swap Framework: RBI 2012 లో ప్రారంభించింది – SAARC దేశాల BoP (Balance of Payments) సమస్యలకు Swap Facility. India Maldives: $1.1 Billion (2012–2026); April 2026 – ₹30 Billion INR Swap. SAARC Challenges: India-Pakistan tensions, Pakistan’s blocking of connectivity. India’s Strategy: BIMSTEC focus (Bay of Bengal Initiative). BIMSTEC: 7 countries (India, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Thailand, Nepal, Bhutan, Sri Lanka).
Atal Pension Yojana, NPS మరియు PFRDA గురించి వివరించండి.
PFRDA: Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority | 2003 Established, 2013 Statutory | HQ: New Delhi. NPS: National Pension System – 2004 లో Govt Employees కోసం; 2009 Voluntary All Citizens. APY: Atal Pension Yojana – May 2015 | Unorganised Sector | 18-40 years | ₹1000-5000/month guaranteed pension at 60. APY Milestone: 9 crore subscribers (April 21, 2026); FY26 record 1.35 crore additions. APY Beneficiaries: Exclude Income Tax Payers. NPS Subscribers: ~7 crore+. Pension Funds: SBI PF, LIC PF, UTI Retirement Solutions etc. – PFRDA registered.
India-France ద్వైపాక్షిక సంబంధాలు – Rafale, Nuclear, Space, Visa వంటి అంశాలు వివరించండి.
India-France: Special Strategic Partnership (1998 నుండి). Rafale Deal: 2016 (36 Rafale aircraft, IAF). Nuclear Cooperation: Jaitapur Nuclear Plant (6 EPR Reactors, Maharashtra) – Areva/EDF. Space: ISRO-CNES (French Space Agency) cooperation. Defence: Scorpene Submarines (6, INS Kalvari series). France Macron India Visit: February 2026 – Announced ATV Visa waiver, Defence deals. ATV Waiver: April 10, 2026 – Indian passport holders no longer need Airport Transit Visa at French airports. India-France Trade: ~€12 Billion. French Cultural Heritage India: Pondicherry (Puducherry) – former French territory.
INS Sudarshini మరియు Indian Naval Diplomacy గురించి వివరించండి.
INS Sudarshini: Indian Navy’s Sail Training Ship (STS). Lokayan 26: Current transoceanic deployment. Kochi (Jan 2026) నుండి బయలుదేరింది. Route: Oman → Egypt → Malta → France → Morocco → Canary Islands (First Indian Naval Ship, April 23, 2026) → Trans-Atlantic → USA (Sail 250). Naval Diplomacy: Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam message. India Navy Chief: Admiral Dinesh Kumar Tripathi. Important Indian Naval Exercises: MALABAR (India, USA, Japan, Australia), MILAN (Multi-Nation), TROPEX (Theatre Level). India’s Blue Water Navy: INS Vikrant (1st Domestic Aircraft Carrier, 2022). Canary Islands: Spanish Autonomous Archipelago, Atlantic Ocean, off Morocco.
IPL చరిత్ర మరియు Virat Kohli – RCB అనుబంధం వివరించండి.
IPL: Indian Premier League | 2008 ప్రారంభం | T20 Format | 10 Teams. IPL Governing Body: BCCI. Title Sponsors: TATA (2022 నుండి). Virat Kohli – RCB: 2008 నుండి; 274+ matches; 8,900+ runs (IPL leading scorer). Records April 2026: 800 Boundaries (First Ever); 300 Sixes (3rd – after Gayle 357, Rohit 310). 300 Sixes for One Franchise: Only Kohli achieved (all 300 for RCB). IPL 2026 Format: 74 matches, Finals at TBD. Most IPL Sixes: Chris Gayle (357) – KKR, RCB, KXIP. RCB: No IPL title yet; Franchise owner Diageo (diageo-owned United Spirits). Kohli: Born Nov 5, 1988; India’s all-time international run scorer.